Carboprost Tromethamine: Guide to Structure, Properties, Pharmacology, and Safety

Carboprost Tromethamine is a synthetic prostaglandin analog commonly used in obstetrics to manage postpartum hemorrhage and induce abortions. Its unique structure, chemical properties, and mechanism of action make it an essential medication in gynecology. This guide explores Carboprost Tromethamine’s structure, properties, pharmacology, uses, and safety profile.

1. Structure of Carboprost Tromethamine

Understanding the molecular structure of Carboprost Tromethamine is key to understanding its efficacy in clinical applications.

2D Structure

The 2D structure of Carboprost Tromethamine shows its prostaglandin analog backbone, which includes a carboxylic acid group and a cyclopentane ring. These features are critical for its activity in inducing uterine contractions.

3D Structure

The 3D conformation of Carboprost Tromethamine reveals its spatial arrangement, allowing selective binding to prostaglandin receptors. This precise interaction enhances its ability to stimulate uterine smooth muscle contractions effectively.

2. Names and Identifiers

Carboprost Tromethamine is well-documented under various names and identifiers.

• IUPAC Name:
  5-(3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-1-octenyl)-cyclopentyl)-3-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxypropyl)-cyclopentanone tromethamine salt
• Molecular Formula:
  C25H47NO8
• Molecular Weight:
  489.65 g/mol
• CAS Registry Number:
  58551-69-2
• Synonyms:
  Hemabate, Carboprost

These identifiers facilitate its recognition in medical and pharmaceutical databases.

3. Chemical and Physical Properties

Carboprost Tromethamine’s chemical and physical properties play a significant role in its clinical effectiveness.

These properties allow its formulation for intramuscular administration.

4. Drug and Medication Information

Carboprost Tromethamine is primarily used in obstetrics for life-threatening conditions and specific medical procedures.

Formulations

• Injection:
  • Available in 250 mcg/mL for intramuscular use.

Mechanism of Action

Carboprost Tromethamine works by:

• Stimulating Uterine Contractions: Mimics the action of natural prostaglandins to control postpartum bleeding and induce labor.
• Reducing Blood Loss: Enhances uterine tone to constrict blood vessels and minimize hemorrhage.

Dosage and Administration

• For Postpartum Hemorrhage: Administer 250 mcg intramuscularly. Repeat every 15-90 minutes if necessary, with a maximum dose of 2 mg.
• For Termination of Pregnancy: Administer as directed by a physician, typically in a clinical setting.

Always follow medical guidelines for proper administration.

5. Pharmacology and Biochemistry

Carboprost Tromethamine’s pharmacological profile underscores its targeted action in obstetrics.

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption:
  Rapidly absorbed after intramuscular injection.
• Bioavailability:
  High systemic availability due to direct administration.
• Half-Life:
  ~8 minutes, with prolonged uterotonic effects.
• Metabolism:
  Metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in urine.

Pharmacodynamics

Carboprost Tromethamine binds to prostaglandin F2α receptors on uterine smooth muscle, triggering powerful contractions. This action effectively controls bleeding and induces abortion.

6. Uses and Side Effects

Primary Uses

• Postpartum Hemorrhage:
  Treats severe bleeding after childbirth by inducing uterine contractions.
• Induction of Abortion:
  Used for therapeutic abortion in the second trimester.

Benefits

• Rapid action in controlling postpartum hemorrhage.
• Effective for terminating pregnancy in medical settings.

Side Effects

Common side effects include:

• Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
• Flushing or sweating.
• Temporary fever or chills.

Rare but serious side effects:

• Bronchospasm.
• Hypertension.
• Severe uterine cramps.

Seek immediate medical attention if serious side effects occur.

7. Safety and Hazards

Safety Profile

Carboprost Tromethamine is safe when used as directed in clinical settings. However:

• Contraindications: Not suitable for patients with active pelvic inflammatory disease, asthma, or hypersensitivity to prostaglandins.
• Pregnancy: Only used in specific cases under medical supervision.

Chemical Safety

Handling Precautions

• Store at 2–8°C (refrigerated).
• Avoid direct contact; handle with gloves.

Environmental Impact

Due to its clinical use, Carboprost Tromethamine has minimal environmental impact when disposed of according to medical waste guidelines.